What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

The purpose of the Homestead Act was to give land to individuals for farming. Enacted in 1862, the act aimed to encourage westward expansion and settlement of the American frontier. It provided 160 acres of public land free of charge to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of a household and could cultivate the land for a minimum of five years. This legislation was significant in promoting agricultural development and offering opportunities for individuals and families to gain ownership of land, which was essential for farming and establishing a livelihood in the West.

The other options do not align with the primary intent of the Homestead Act. While railroads were indeed granted land through various legislation to support infrastructure expansion, this was separate from the purpose of the Homestead Act. The act was not designed to provide land for private companies or promote urban development, as its focus was on facilitating private land ownership for farmers rather than commercial enterprises or urban areas.